How to clean metal: Simple tips for different metal types in your home

Trendy videos on social media make it seem like you can toss any metal into a bowl, pour in a Monster Energy drink or bleach, and voilà—your cleaned metal is out.

But metal isn’t as tough as it looks, and those quick fixes can strip away more than just rust or tarnish. They can damage the protective coatings, weaken the metal's structure, and leave it more vulnerable. So, the question becomes: What is the right way to clean metal?

In this article, we will show you how to clean metal correctly and provide tips to keep it clean longer.

Start with the basics of cleaning metal

Over time, metals collect dust from the air, grease from handling or cooking, and moisture that can lead to tarnish or rust. These contaminants dull the metal's appearance, reduce its functionality, or cause permanent damage. However, before it gets to that stage, simple regular cleaning with a soft cloth to remove surface dust can help prevent buildup, preserve the finish, and extend the life of the metal.

When more than surface dust is involved, a mixture of warm water and mild dish soap can help remove grease and grime without damaging the metal. However, always check the manufacturer’s cleaning recommendations if they’re available. 

Meanwhile, test the new cleaning solution on a small, hidden area first to ensure it doesn’t harm the surface. Avoid harsh abrasives unless you're sure the metal can handle them.

To make cleaning easier and safer, keep these essential tools and materials on hand: microfiber cloth, soft sponges, old toothbrushes, cotton swabs, mild dish soap, white vinegar, baking soda, and lemon juice.

How to clean rust off metal safely

Rust and tarnish are both forms of metal corrosion, but they occur differently and affect different types of metals. 

Rust results from a chemical reaction between iron, oxygen, and moisture. It affects metals containing iron, such as steel and cast iron, and forms a flaky, reddish-brown coating which spreads and slowly eats away at the metal. 

On the other hand, tarnish is a surface discoloration that occurs on silver, copper, and brass. It is not destructive like rust and can be cleaned without damaging the integrity of the metal. Tarnish appears as a dull, dark film or a greenish patina.

So, how to clean rusty metal? One of the most popular natural remedies is white vinegar. Soaking rusty metal in it for several hours helps break down the rust, making it easier to scrub off with a gentle brush. For rust that isn't extensive, a paste made from baking soda and water is adequate. The mildly abrasive nature of baking soda helps lift rust from the surface without scratching the underlying metal. Similarly, lemon juice combined with salt can clean rust. The acidity of the lemon dissolves the rust, while the salt adds some scrubbing power. 

For deeply set or extensive rust, household remedies might not be enough. Instead, a commercial cleaning solution for metal, like Evapo-Rust or WD-40, can be effective, as it’s designed to break down rust chemically without damaging the base metal.

Always use the gentlest tools when cleaning metal: soft cloths, nylon brushes, or non-abrasive sponges. Even when using mild ingredients, test your method on a small, inconspicuous area first to ensure it doesn’t harm the surface.

After removing rust, dry the metal thoroughly and apply a protective layer, such as mineral oil, metal wax, or a commercial rust inhibitor, to seal the surface and block out moisture.

Cleaning different metals: What works and what to avoid

Each metal has its own approach to cleaning and care. Here’s how to care for each type.

How to clean galvanized metal and aluminum

Galvanized metal, usually steel or iron with a zinc coating, requires a delicate approach. The zinc prevents rusting, but it’s sensitive to acids. Vinegar, lemon juice, or other acidic cleaners can damage the zinc and cause corrosion. 

Mix mild dish soap with warm water and use a soft sponge or cloth to clean the surface. Rinse with clean water and dry with a soft towel to avoid water spots.

On the contrary, untreated aluminum discolors easily when reacting with oxygen, forming a dull aluminum oxide layer. Although this oxide protects against corrosion, it alters the appearance, making the surface look stained. Mix lemon juice or white vinegar with warm water, dampen a soft cloth in the mixture, and use it to clean the surface. Rinse well and dry thoroughly to prevent new stains.

Brass, bronze, and copper care

Bronze, copper, and brass develop distinct patinas as they age. Brass starts bright and gold-like but darkens to a dull yellow or brown, sometimes with darker spotting. Bronze begins warm and reddish-brown, aging into a deep brown or green patina. Copper has a shiny orange-red finish that gradually turns green as it oxidizes to form a characteristic green patina called verdigris.

For brass, mix lemon juice with baking soda or salt to make a cleaning paste. Rub it on gently with a soft cloth, let it sit briefly, then rinse and dry thoroughly. If the brass is lacquered, avoid acidic solutions and only use a damp cloth, as they can strip the coating. Conversely, polish uncoated brass regularly or leave it to develop a natural patina.

Wondering how to clean bronze metal? Dust with a soft brush or cloth and wipe with a mild soap and water mixture. Harsh scrubbing or strong acids can remove the aged surface of bronze metal, so clean it carefully. 

Copper requires a bit more upkeep to maintain its original shine. Apply commercial copper polish with a soft cloth and buff until bright. For lighter cleaning, a lemon and salt paste removes tarnish without being too abrasive. Always rinse and dry thoroughly after cleaning.

Cleaning silver, gold, and pewter

Sterling silver or silver-plated items tarnish due to oxygen exposure. Use a commercial silver polish to restore shine without stripping the natural patina that gives it character. Alternatively, you can soak silver items in an aluminum foil-lined pan with 2 tablespoons of baking soda and 2 tablespoons of salt dissolved in boiling water, but if left in for too long, it might remove too much patina.

On the other hand, gold doesn’t tarnish like silver, but it can still lose its shine from contact with skin oils, lotions, and dirt. To clean gold jewelry, soak it in warm water mixed with mild dish soap. After a few minutes, gently scrub with a soft toothbrush, rinse, and dry with a lint-free cloth.

Pewter is a soft, non-rusting metal that can darken or become dull over time. For routine cleaning, mix vinegar and flour into a simple paste. Apply it evenly, let it sit for 15 to 20 minutes, and gently buff with a soft cloth. Rinse and dry thoroughly. Commercial pewter polish is also available and gives a brighter finish, but it may remove aged patina from antique pieces. Test on a small area first.

Stainless steel, chrome, and steel surfaces

Stainless steel resists rust and stains but can still show fingerprints, smudges, and water streaks. Clean it with a damp microfiber cloth, wiping toward the grain. Add a drop of mild dish soap to the cloth for greasy spots and gently rub. Rinse with water and dry with a fresh microfiber towel to prevent streaks and water spots.

Chrome surfaces are more delicate but an equal parts white vinegar and water mixture can clean chrome naturally without damaging the finish. For extra cleaning power, sprinkle baking soda on a damp sponge and gently polish the chrome, then rinse and dry with a soft cloth.

For larger steel surfaces, like roofing or siding, sweep off debris with a long-handled brush, then wash the surface with a mixture of all-purpose cleaner and warm water. Rinse with a low-pressure hose. Avoid using bleach, strong acids, or harsh chemicals, especially on painted or coated steel, as they can corrode the surface and shorten its lifespan.

How often should you clean metal?

The frequency of cleaning metal depends on the type, its exposure to wear and tear, its environment, and how often it’s used.

• Daily-use items like utensils, pots, pans, and stainless steel sinks should be cleaned after each use with mild soap and water, then dried thoroughly to prevent water spots, tarnish, or rust buildup.
• Dust decorative and occasional-use metal items every few weeks and polish every 2 to 3 months with a metal-appropriate polish to restore shine to discolored metal and prevent oxidation.
• Address early signs of rust or discoloration immediately by using a non-abrasive scrub pad, metal cleaner, or rust remover to stop further damage and restore the metal’s appearance.

Tips to keep metal clean longer

Follow these maintenance tips to keep your metal items clean and tarnish-free.

• Always handle metal items with clean, dry hands to prevent oils and acids from your skin from accelerating tarnish.
• After cleaning, dry thoroughly to avoid oxidation and tarnishing caused by lingering water.
• Avoid exposing metal to harsh chemicals or cleaning agents that strip protective finishes or cause corrosion.
• Apply a protective coating, such as oil or wax, to create a barrier against air and moisture and prevent tarnish.
• Store jewelry and silverware in airtight containers or anti-tarnish cloths to reduce exposure to humidity and air pollutants.

Final thoughts on metal cleaning

Regular cleaning helps extend the life of metal by preventing buildup, corrosion, and surface damage. Whether you're dealing with a rusted tool or a tarnished ornament, the key is choosing the right method for the metal and using the gentlest solution that gets the job done.

Stick to soft cloths, avoid harsh abrasives, and don’t overlook the everyday cleaners already in your kitchen. A little care goes a long way in keeping your metal items clean, polished, and protected